The CUMPRINC function in Power BI calculates the cumulative principal paid on a loan between two specified periods. It is commonly used for loan amortization analysis and financial modeling.

Purpose

Determines total principal repayment within a specified period.
Useful for analyzing loan repayment schedules and financial forecasting.
Helps in budgeting and financial planning.

Type of Calculations

Computes principal payments (excluding interest) made over a range of loan periods.
Uses loan amortization formulas to calculate the total principal paid.

Practical Use Cases

Loan Amortization Tables: Analyze how much of a loan’s principal is repaid over time.
Debt Repayment Tracking: Evaluate how much principal has been paid at different stages of a loan.
Financial Dashboards: Create visuals showing total principal vs. interest payments.

CUMPRINC(rate, nper, pv, start_period, end_period, type)

Parameter	Type	Description
`rate`	Scalar (decimal)	The interest rate per period (e.g., monthly interest rate).
`nper`	Scalar (integer)	The total number of payment periods in the loan.
`pv`	Scalar (decimal)	The present value (principal) of the loan.
`start_period`	Scalar (integer)	The first period in the calculation range.
`end_period`	Scalar (integer)	The last period in the calculation range.
`type`	Scalar (integer)	Determines when payments are made: `0` = End of the period (default) `1` = Beginning of the period

How Does $CUMPRINC$ Dax Function Works

The function calculates the principal component of loan payments using the loan amortization formula:

Determine total periodic payment using the PMT function:
where:
- = periodic payment (includes principal + interest)
- = interest rate per period
- = loan amount
- = total number of periods
Compute principal paid for each period:
$Principal Payment = P - Interest Payment$
- Interest Payment = Remaining Principal × Interest Rate
Sum principal payments for the given range (start_period to end_period).

What Does It Return?

Returns a negative decimal number representing the total principal paid between start_period and end_period.
The value is negative because it represents an outflow of money.

When Should We Use It?

Use CUMPRINC when you need to:

Track loan repayments and see how much principal has been paid.
Forecast financial obligations for loan repayments over time.
Analyze total debt reduction across specific loan periods.

Examples

Basic Usage :

Calculate the total principal paid in the first year for a 5-year loan of $100,000 at 5% annual interest, with monthly payments.

CUMPRINC(5%/12, 60, 100000, 1, 12, 0)

Returns: -17893.98 (Total principal repaid in first year)

Column Usage:

Create a calculated column to track principal payments per year:

AnnualPrincipal =
CUMPRINC(
    Loans[Rate]/12,
    Loans[TotalMonths],
    Loans[Principal],
    Loans[StartMonth],
    Loans[EndMonth],
    0
)

Used in loan amortization schedules for financial reports.

Advanced Usage

Calculate total principal paid over the full loan period:

TotalPrincipalPaid =
CUMPRINC([Rate]/12, [TotalMonths], [Principal], 1, [TotalMonths], 0)

Equivalent to the entire principal amount of the loan.

Tips and Tricks

Convert annual interest rates into periodic rates (e.g., rate/12 for monthly).
Use ABS(CUMPRINC(...)) if you want positive principal values.
Returns negative values by default (since it’s an expense).
Ensure start_period ≤ end_period, otherwise, it throws an error.
Use type=1 if payments are made at the start of each period.

Performance Impact of CUMPRINC DAX Function:

Computationally efficient for loan schedules.
Best used with aggregated calculations for performance optimization.

Related Functions You Might Need

Function	Description
`CUMIPMT`	Returns cumulative interest paid over a period.
`PMT`	Calculates fixed loan payments (principal + interest).
`IPMT`	Computes interest paid on a single payment period.
`PPMT`	Calculates principal paid on a specific payment.

Want to Learn More?
For more information, check out the official Microsoft documentation for CUMPRINC You can also experiment with this function in your Power BI reports to explore its capabilities.

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1. What does CUMPRINC return in Power BI?

It returns the cumulative principal paid between specified start and end periods for a loan.

2. What is the difference between CUMPRINC and CUMIPMT?

CUMPRINC calculates total principal paid over a range of periods.
CUMIPMT calculates total interest paid over a range of periods.

3. Can CUMPRINC return positive values?

By default, it returns negative values (outflow of money). Use ABS(CUMPRINC(...)) for positive values.

4. What if the start period is greater than the end period?

The function returns an error. Ensure start_period ≤ end_period.

5. Is CUMPRINC available in Excel?

Yes. It functions similarly in Excel and Power BI.

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